Recent Developments in the Photochemical Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds

The adoption of clean and renewable light sources has been increasingly observed in organic synthesis due to their environmental, practical, and economic advantages. In recent years, photo-redox catalysis has been recognized as a valuable approach in organic transformations, attributed to its environmentally benign characteristics and reliance on abundant resources. As harmful or polluting reagents are not required, organic photochemical reactions have been regarded as insightful tools for advancing sustainable processes and green chemistry.

N‐Heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are regarded as fundamental structural motifs in a wide range of organic molecules and are frequently found in natural products and pharmaceuticals exhibiting diverse biological activities. Therefore, the synthesis and modification of NHCs such as indole, carbazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, and pyridine have been actively investigated by chemists and pharmacologists.

In this review, an overview is provided on the impact of photocatalysis on the synthesis and modification of NHCs during the period from 2019 to 2024. These transformations have been carried out using both metal-based photocatalysts (e.g., Ir, Pd, Co, Gd) and non-metallic photocatalysts (e.g., Eosin-Y, 4CzIPN, Mes-Acr⁺ClO₄⁻), or even in the absence of any photocatalyst. It is hoped that this review will be regarded as a useful resource for researchers exploring the evolving field of photocatalyzed transformations.

• Nagarajan, S
• Barathkumar, J
• Gupta, R

• National Institute of Technology Warangal, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanumakonda, 506004 Hanumakonda, INDIA

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