An efficient and green pathway for continuous Friedel-Crafts acylation over α-Fe2O3 and CaCO3 nanoparticles prepared in the microreactors

Zheng Fang^a1, Wei He^b1, Tao Tu^b, Niuniu Lv^a, Chuanhong Qiu^a, Xin Li^a, Ning Zhu^a, Li Wan^a, Kai Guo^ac

• ^a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China
• ^b Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
• ^c State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Technology University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China

α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by using a continuous precipitation method with a valve assisted micromixer in the presence of iron (III) sulfate and ammonia water. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, CaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized in a tube-in-tube flow reactor AF-2400. The acylation process catalyzed by modified lipophilic α-Fe2O3 and CaCO3 nanoparticles in the flow reactor were systematically investigated. Under the optimal conditions, a yield of 97.8% was obtained. Addition of CaCO3 nanoparticles resulted in higher catalytic efficiency compared with pure modified α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Moreover, this novel acylation also worked well for other substrates.

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